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  1. (, Journal on excellence in college teaching)
    To improve student motivation, we propose a five-step process that entails learning about a motivation framework, identifying students’ motivational challenges based on that framework, adopting interventions to address those challenges, and assessing the effectiveness of your interventions. In particular, we recommend adopting the Expectancy-Value-Cost framework of motivation, which suggests motivation is optimized when students expect that they can successfully complete a task, value that task, and have limited barriers (i.e., costs) preventing them from engaging in the task. We also present data from two college psychology courses to offer an example of how to engage in the five-step process. Keywords: Motivation, Expectancy-Value-Cost framework of Motivation, Expectancy-Value Theory, Motivational planning 
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